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CHAPTER
2: THE ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL
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2.1.
The Analysis of the External Environment
Agenda 21 is the
UN plan of action for sustainable development in the 21st century, approved
by 173 countries at the UN Conference for Environment and Development
in Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia, 1992. Chapter 28 of the document concerns
local authorities and urges them to produce their own Local Agenda 21,
so as to take over the overall aims of Agenda 21 and put them into concrete
actions and plans.
The Fifth European Community Environmental Action Programme - «Towards
Sustainability»- acknowledges that «local and regional authorities
have a particularly important part to play in ensuring the sustainability
of development through the exercise of their statutory functions as
'competent authorities' for many of the existing Directives and Regulations
and in the context of practical applications of the principle of subsidiarity».
2.2. The Analysis
of the Internal Environment
Given that Baia Mare is known as a "critical area from the pollution
viewpoint" in the region, despite its location in an attractive
natural environment, a detailed dynamic and strategic analysis of the
ecosystem has been provided. The utilisation of natural resources and
the rigorous pollution control are priorities with major impact on the
strategy and the action plans in the context of the Local Agenda 21.
SWOT
Natural environment
|
Positive
factors |
Negative
factors |
| Internal
factors |
Strong
points:
· Capital and Environment
· (diversity, variety)
· Forest area and geomorphology of the region
· Attractiveness of the urban and peri-urban area
· "The city of chestnuts"
· Positive trends as to pollution reduction
· Many NGOs
· High degree of expertise in the eco, nature, touristic
fields
· County and City Environment Action Plans
· Organised structures-institutions for: civil protection,
against disasters, a centre for sustainable development UrbaNET
and an active inspectorate for environmental protection (IEP),
the Agency for Development of the Mining Areas (ANDIPRZM), the
Ecological Guard
|
Weak points:
· Degradation of the natural environment
· (air, water, soil) and of the urban milieu
· Polluting industrial companies still functioning
· Lack of compliance programs for all polluting economic
units
· Inefficient natural resource utilisation (water), wear
of specific infrastructure
· Image of a polluted City
· Industrial structure (mining, metallurgy) with specific
impact on the urban area
· Relatively passive NGOs and citizens
· (lack of organisational resources)
· Lack of integrated systems for the environmental management
(eco-management)
· Lack of an ecological landfill
· Lack of intensive utilisation of ecological means of
transport (bicycles), in perfectly proper urban conditions - lack
of areas specially arranged (parking lots-routes)
· Insufficiency of environmental local resources-funds
· Environmental standards ISO14000 not applied
|
| External
Factors |
Opportunities:
· Attract investors with financial resources in the implementation
of clean technologies
· Implementation of environmental programmes / projects,
`area` chiefly financed by international organisations
· Development of high technologies and high added value
in the non-polluting industry and service areas, Eco_Business
Eco_Turism, Recycling sectors included
· Apply the "Polluter pays" principle
· Reform the local technical education system (ISJ MM)
in the eco, tourism, ICT, sustainable development fields (EduTECH
plan)
· Globalisation
|
Dangers / risks:
· Pollution got out of control
· Lack of conformity with the legal environmental requirements
of several agents / human activities
· Risks afferent to urban infrastructure (water, sewerage),
collection-discharge areas included (dam, Sasar river)
· Modular strategies and small investments with great impact
on the environmental quality are not applied.
· Irrational exploitation of forest resources in the near
areas, short, medium, long-term effects
· Geographical location (near Hungary and Ukraine) disadvantageous
from the viewpoint of Environment - Pollution (water, air)
· Lack of harmonisation with the acquis communautaire (re-technologization
and accelerated pollution costs)
· Globalisation
|
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